How do the steps of CPR for drowning cases differ between adults, children, and infants?

In cases of drowning or when a primary respiratory cause is suspected, children and infants require initial ventilations before proceeding with chest compressions. This emphasis on providing ventilations early in the CPR sequence is crucial because drowning primarily affects the lungs and the ability to breathe, which can lead to lack of oxygen in the body more rapidly than cardiac issues.

Inhaled water can severely compromise the airway, so immediate ventilations are intended to restore oxygenation first. Conversely, while adults may also experience similar respiratory issues due to drowning, the CPR approach emphasizes immediate compressions for adults due to the greater likelihood that the cardiac function will be impaired after prolonged drowning as compared to children and infants, where the dysfunction is often primarily respiratory at first.

This differentiation in approach reflects the differences in physiology and the critical importance of addressing asphyxia quickly in younger populations. Understanding this hierarchy allows responders to prioritize actions that will most effectively restore breathing and circulation in the most vulnerable age groups.