In children and infants, what are the most common causes of cardiac arrest?

Respiratory failure or shock is recognized as the most common cause of cardiac arrest in children and infants due to their unique physiological characteristics. Children and infants have smaller airways, and their respiratory systems can be more easily compromised by various situations like respiratory illnesses, choking, or severe asthma attacks. When respiratory failure occurs, it can rapidly lead to decreased oxygen being delivered to the heart and other vital organs, resulting in cardiac arrest.

Shock, including hypovolemic shock due to dehydration or blood loss, also plays a significant role. In children, even a minor loss of fluid can lead to significant impacts on their circulatory system, causing their hearts to fail if not promptly addressed. This response highlights the importance of maintaining adequate airway management and circulatory support to prevent cardiac arrest in this vulnerable population.

While trauma, drowning, electrocution, choking, heart defects, and dehydration can contribute to cardiac arrest, they are not as prevalent as the effects of respiratory issues or shock in this age group, making the primary focus on airway and respiratory support crucial for effective emergency response in children and infants.